The Classical Political Economy Developed Theories And...

Economic system in the world is mostly productive in America this is due to the constant unlimited wants of its people and the fact that most people have high standards of living (Rosefielde, 2008). An individual has different wants and at any particular time an individual can satisfy his or her wants through purchasing these goods therefore there is an unlimited wants for goods and services. In recent times people consume goods that they don’t produce they sell or provide services then the income they gain from the services they purchase the goods that they want to consume. In this paper I will discuss the developed theories of the classical political economy developed theories and discuss on their different characteristics. These theories were mainly concerned with the changing aspects of economic growth in different centuries. Classical political economy is the political economy during industrial revolution from the 18th century to the 19th century. The theories of classica l political economy ask some specific questions whose answer creates the differences between them. Some of the asked questions are what does the surplus consist of and what defines its size, what is its origin, to whom is it distributed to, what causes or rather defines its growth over time. In addition the economists also ask what happens to the relative shares of surplus obtained by the various classes of revenue appropriators as the surplus increases. Lastly how does the distributive relation impactShow MoreRelatedTenets of Neoclassical Economy2154 Words   |  9 Pagesobjective of this academic essay is to discuss the main tenets of neoclassical economic liberalism, explain whether less developed countries should entirely depend on developed countries not and give the reasons. According to Schumpeter (1954), the classical school of economics was developed in the 1750 and lasted as the mainstream of economic thought until the late 1800. Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nation book published in 1776 can be used as the formal beginning of classical economics but it actually evolvedRead MoreTrade Liberalization And Socio Economic Development Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesFrancis Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria And Okechukwu S. Amadi Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract This paper sought to evaluate the concept of Trade Liberalization and Development in Nigeria especially from 1999 to 2010. It was discovered that Trade liberalization theory is a branch of internationalRead MoreWhat Does a â€Å"Political Economy† Approach to Study of the Creative and Cultural Industries Involve? What Are Its Advantages and Disadvantages?4265 Words   |  18 PagesIndustries, MA Module: HUP057N What does a â€Å"political economy† approach to study of the Creative and Cultural Industries involve? 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I find substantial changes in the femaleâ€℠¢s rights affect the economic growth between 2005 and 2014. Those changes are used to conclude that the progress of women’s rights has a negative impact on economic growth. Keywords: (Women’s economic rights women’s political rights women’s socialRead MoreThe Characteristics Of Client Patron Relationships3016 Words   |  13 PagesThe characteristics of client-patron relationships in politics in Africa tend to be discussed as a phenomenon, or an issue or obstacle, that make African states remain in a certain phase of development (Cammack, D. 2007 p. 600). However, other scholars (Chabal, P. Daloz, J-P. 1999; Erdmann, G. Engel, U. 2007) have recognised that this phenomenon in Africa deserve further analysis and that characteristics of what is defined as neopatrimonial features, which will be further elaborated this essayRead MoreRelation between Economics and Law3001 Words   |  13 PagesThe study of Law without the knowledge of other related social sciences i.e., Political theory, Sociology and Economics, etc, is incomplete. In any law curriculum the study of Economics and Law and their interaction is increasingly found neces sary. As Law influence Economics, Economics also influence Law. As a matter of fact Economics forms the basis of the study of Law. Economics reflects the socio-economic ethos of the country in particular and world in general. It becomes out of date and misleadingRead More The Impacts ofTransnational Corporations on Less Developed Countries2517 Words   |  11 Pages The issue of the impacts transnational corporations have on less developed countries has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of economics and development studies. Researchers using various models such as the Rostow Development model, Harrod Domar model and the Neoclassical Theory Model, have studied these impacts and have tried to come to a conclusion to this issue. Researchers have also conducted many case studies in order to investigate in depth factors contributingRead MoreLewis and Rostow2297 Words   |  10 PagesOutline the theories of Lewis and Rostow and discuss their relevance in analysing the problems of development in LDC’s In the 1950’s, the two most prominent economists of the Western school were Arthur Lewis and Walt W. Rostow. Their theories had a significant impact on the policies of Western governments regarding development in LDC’s. Arthur Lewis claimed he was a classical economist because he disagreed with the neo-classical school. He argued that the neo-classical assumption of full employment

Book Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht...

Book Report on The New Ethnic Mob by William Kleinknecht The New Ethic Mob by William Kleinknecht explores how the current criminals involved in organized crime are no longer just the Italians. He could be Cuban, Chinese, Russian, African-American, Haitian, or Jamaican. These are the new breed of more sophisticated and more brutal organized criminals. In the preface of the book Kleinknecht states not to mistake this work for a case against immigration in the United States. The author does a great job giving background information on how organized crime emerged in the early part of the nineteenth century. Then became much stronger though prohibition with Italian, Irish, and Jewish groups†¦show more content†¦They are involved in illegal lottery networks and control the numbers outlets in New York City. Jose Miguel Battle is the head of the Cuban Mob, and the mention of his name provokes fear in Hispanic neighborhoods from New York to Florida. It is said that he is bigger than legendary numbers boss Dutch Schultz. The Vietnamese are also gaining strength on the street with extortion and shake down operations. There MO is to burglarize jewlery stores in a certain area and get on the highway. By the time the police are investigating the case they are in another city doing the same thing. This seems to be an effective method for them. When the FBI helps a sub committee in 1987 they recognized the Arab Mob as an extremely dangerous group. They have close ties to the Detroit Italian mafia. While some of them are hard working convenient store owners others are drug kingpins and insurance fraud artists. In Detroit the Arabs supply the Italian mafia with dependable bookmaking operations and run illegal casinos for them. Vietnamese gangs steal computer chips in Silicon Valley. The Ukrainian steals cars in Chicago and smuggle them to Poland. The Dominicans have become major players in the Columbian drug cartels. The Haitians operate illegal numbers games in New Jersey. Lastly, the Jamaicans have set up organized gangs t hat have terrorized parts of Queens. As one can see it seems as

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MEXICO (FDI) Essay Example For Students

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MEXICO (FDI) Essay FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN MEXICO (FDI)INTRODUCTIONMexico is the top trading nation in Latin America and the ninth-largest economy in the world. No country has signed more free trade agreements 33 in all, including the two biggest markets in the world, the US and the EU. Altogether these signatory countries make up a preferential market of over more than billion consumers. Much of the FDI in Mexico is attracted by the countrys strategic location within the North American Free Trade Agreement, which has positioned it as a springboard to the US and Canada. Other attractions are competitive production costs and a young, skilled workforce, together with political stability and an open economy. As a result, the number of foreign companies established in Mexico has risen to more than 16,000. The opportunities for investors are numerous, particularly in sectors such as automotive, electronics, information and communication technology, agribusiness, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, financial services, water and power generation. As part of the Mexican governments campaign to attract FDI, the 44 overseas offices of the Mexican Bank for Foreign Trade (Bancomext) operate as trade commissions that offer advice and assistance to potential investors. Mexico has long been one of the more attractive nations in which to make an investment, whether in manufacturing or infrastructure FDI. The large population, inexpensive labor pool, stable political environment and proximity to the US have given it significant advantages over other potential recipients of FDI. Mexico is a showcase of how emerging markets can attract foreign capital flows into their economies. In 1999, Mexico remained the third main destination of FDI among emerging markets only after China and Brazil. On a worldwide basis, Mexico ranks 15th among FDI recipients accounting for 1.3 percent of total investment flows. During the first three months of 2000, Mexico received US$3 billion in FDI and it is expected that the year will end at US$12 billion. In addition to Mexicos economic reforms and liberalization processes, an important element in making Mexico a very attractive market for foreign investors has been the negotiation of bilateral investment treaties (BITs). To this date, Mexico has established these kinds of agreements with 13 countries (Argentina, Austria, Benelux, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Uruguay). It has concluded negotiations with Sweden, Greece and South Korea, and is currently negotiating with Cuba, the United Kingdom, Israel and Japan. Ireland is on Mexicos list for a future BIT. ECONOMIC INFORMATION Population: 102.3m Population growth: 1.45% Population density (people per sq. km): 54UN Human Development Index ranking: 53/177Gross national income (current US$): $637.2bn (2003)Gross national income per capita: $6,230PPP Gross national income: $915.4bnPPP Gross national income per capita: $8,950GDP growth: -0.1% (2003)GDP breakdown Agriculture: 4.1%, Industry: 26.39%, Services: 69.57%Inflation (12-month average): 6.49 (2003)Gross capital formation as % of GDP: 19.83%Final consumption expenditure as % of GDP: (growth) 81.8% (2.9%)Exports of goods services as % of GDP: 28.4%Top 3 export markets: US, Canada, GermanyLocal industries: Food beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourismWEF Growth Competitiveness ranking * : 48/104WEF Business Competitiveness ranking ** : 55/103WEF Quality of the Bu siness Environment ranking : 56/103Transparency International Corruption Perceptions ranking: 64/145Languages: Spanish (official)FDI INFORMATION Region: Central America No. of projects (Jan-Sep 2004): 298 Market-share of projects in the region: 65.8%Value of projects relative to GDP: 4.8%Top 3 destination sectors: Metals/mining, hotels, tourism leisure, consumer electronicsTop 3 business functions: Manufacturing, retail, extractionTop 3 source countries: US, Japan, CanadaTop 3 investors: Ford, LG, ElectroluxFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTForeign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment made by foreign individuals or companies that establish operations in Mexico; it represents a contribution to the initial capital stock of the new society, an increment of the same capital in already established companies or the price of real estate trusteeships. All the previous include fixed assets and labor capital investments to perform trade activities in Mexico. The liberalization of policies in Mexi co during the 1990s have been highly successful in promoting trade and in attracting greater flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). FDI and exports are currently the driving force behind economic growth and job creation. In the last five years, the rate of employment in firms with FDI has grown twice as fast as the national average. FDI has also played a key role in creating new and better paying jobs. The Commerce and Industrial Promotion Secretariat (SECOFI) promotes and regulates foreign investment, directing it to Mexico and contributing to national development. Investments involved in asset transference made by Mexican investors to foreign investors are also considered foreign investments, through them DFI totally or partially acquires Mexican societies already established. The network of free trade agreements and market oriented policies has made Mexico one of the most attractive countries for national and foreign direct investment (FDI). Manufacturing activities have especially benefited from increased foreign capital inflows, accounting for more than 75 percent of total FDI in Mexico: 57 percent went to the production of metal goods; machinery and equipment; 16 percent to food and beverages; and 9 percent to chemicals and plastics FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IS GROWING Mexicos opening to the world economy reaffirms the conviction of attaining a better world linked by the opportunities free trade offers to nations and peoples. Foreign direct investment in Mexico is expected to reach US$12.4 billion, almost 25 per cent more than in 1999. Together the free trade agreement with Israel and those in effect with eight countries in the Western Hemisphere, the Free Trade Agreement with the European Union will place Mexico in a unique position in world trade in the 21st century. The President of Panasonic de Mexico, Yoshihisa Toki, commented that his company intends to make a significant contribution to employment creation and will transfer administrative responsibilities to local employees. It will also encourage the development of business ventures compatible with Mexicos environment in order to create a truly innovative industry. Likewise, Mr. Toki mentioned his interest in supporting the development of Mexicos industry. Meanwhile, the Director of Corporate Development, Sales and Marketing of Magna International, Wilfried F. Bartsch, remarked that this Canadian group is extremely interested in investment opportunities in Mexico. This is mainly the result of the possibilities generated by the North American Free Trade Agreement for the automotive and auto-parts industries. President Vicente Fox mentioned that the Mexican people want an economy that generates the resources required to bring education and health care to more people, and increase the coverage of housing programs, electricity, drinking water and drainage networks to overcome backwardness and give Mexicans the chance to break the circle of poverty through their own effortsINVESTORS LEGALLY PERMITTED Foreign individuals or companies carrying out commerce activities in Mexico and Foreign Investors offices established in the country. Mexican Societies with foreign participation of any kind in DFIs. Trust Institutions participating in real estate trusteeships from which rights that favor foreign investors emerge. LEGAL FRAMEWORK The Foreign Investment Law was published in the Federations Official Gazette the 27th of December of 1993 and reformed by decrees published the 24th of December of 1998 and the 23rd of January of 19998. The Foreign Investment and National Foreign Investment Records Office Regulations were published the 8th of September of 1998 and came into effect the 7th of September of the same year. In the dispositions of such regulations it is established that foreign investments may participate in any proportion of the capital stock of Mexican societies, acquire fixed assets, enter new fields of economic activity or manufacture new lines of products, open and operate establishments and enlarge or move those already existing. The Sun EssayThe Commerce and Industrial Promotion Secretariat (SECOFI) promotes and regulates foreign investment, directing it to Mexico and contributing to national development. Investments involved in asset transference made by Mexican investors to foreign investors are also considered foreign investments, through them DFI totally or partially acquires Mexican societies already established. The network of free trade agreements and market oriented policies has made Mexico one of the most attractive countries for national and foreign direct investment (FDI). Manufacturing activities have especially benefited from increased foreign capital inflows, accounting for more than 75 percent of total FDI in Mexico: 57 percent went to the production of metal goods; machinery and equipment; 16 percent to food and beverages; and 9 percent to chemicals and plastics FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IS GROWING Mexicos opening to the world economy reaffirms the conviction of attaining a better world linked by the opportunities free trade offers to nations and peoples. Foreign direct investment in Mexico is expected to reach US$12.4 billion, almost 25 per cent more than in 1999. Together the free trade agreement with Israel and those in effect with eight countries in the Western Hemisphere, the Free Trade Agreement with the European Union will place Mexico in a unique position in world trade in the 21st century. The President of Panasonic de Mexico, Yoshihisa Toki, commented that his company intends to make a significant contribution to employment creation and will transfer administrative responsibilities to local employees. It will also encourage the development of business ventures compatible with Mexicos environment in order to create a truly innovative industry. Likewise, Mr. Toki mentioned his interest in supporting the development of Mexicos industry. Meanwhile, the Director of Corporate Development, Sales and Marketing of Magna International, Wilfried F. Bartsch, remarked that this Canadian group is extremely interested in investment opportunities in Mexico. This is mainly the result of the possibilities generated by the North American Free Trade Agreement for the automotive and auto-parts industries. President Vicente Fox mentioned that the Mexican people want an economy that generates the resources required to bring education and health care to more people, and increase the coverage of housing programs, electricity, drinking water and drainage networks to overcome backwardness and give Mexicans the chance to break the circle of poverty through their own effortsINVESTORS LEGALLY PERMITTED Foreign individuals or companies carrying out commerce activities in Mexico and Foreign Investors offices established in the country. Mexican Societies with foreign participation of any kind in DFIs. Trust Institutions participating in real estate trusteeships from which rights that favor foreign investors emerge. LEGAL FRAMEWORK The Foreign Investment Law was published in the Federations Official Gazette the 27th of December of 1993 and reformed by decrees published the 24th of December of 1998 and the 23rd of January of 19998. The Foreign Investment and National Foreign Investment Records Office Regulations were published the 8th of September of 1998 and came into effect the 7th of September of the same year. In the dispositions of such regulations it is established that foreign investments may participate in any proportion of the capital stock of Mexican societies, acquire fixed assets, enter new fields of economic activity or manufacture new lines of products, open and operate establishments and enlarge or move those already existing. The Mexican Government defines the following activity groups specifically regulated:States exclusive activities. Mexican citizens exclusive activities. Activities having limited DFI percentages. Activities having a previous resolution of the National Foreign Investment Commission which makes DFI participate. STATES EXCLUSIVE ACTIVITIES Article 5 specifies the following strategic areas in which neither foreigners nor Mexican societies may participate, that is, these areas are exclusively for the Mexican government:Oil and other hydrocarbonsbasic petrochemical activitieselectricitynuclear energy generationradioactive mineralssatellite communicationmail servicesrail roadsbill issuingcoiningcontrolsupervision and vigilance of portstelegraphsradiotelegraphyACTIVITIES EXCLUSIVELY RESERVED FOR MEXICAN CITIZENS Article 6 mentions the societies and economic activities exclusively reserved to Mexican citizens or to Mexican societies (excluding foreigners):National terrestrial passenger transportation; tourism and load transportation, not including shipping services; retail sale of gasoline and liquefied gas distribution; radio broadcasting services and other radio and television services (except cable TV); credit unions; development banking institutions (under the terms of the applicable law); and the rendering of professional and technical services expressly established by current legal dispositions. For no reason may the DFI directly participate in activities and societies mentioned by this article; nor even through trusteeships, agreements, social or statutory treaties, pyramidal schemes or through any other mechanism that gives them some kind of control or participation. AREAS WHERE FDI CAN PARTICIPATE WITH AN ESTABLISHED PERCENTAGE Article 7 details the following economic activities and societies in which DFI may participate with the following percentages: 10% and Up in Cooperative Production Societies. 25% and Up in National Air Transportation, aerial-taxi transportation and specialized Air Transportation. 49% and Up in Financial Group controlling Societies; Multiple Banking Institutions; Stock Markets; stock exchange transaction Specialists; Insurance Institutions; Money Exchange Offices; General Deposit Warehouses, Financial Lessee; Retirement Funds Administrators; explosive, fire arm, ammunition and fireworks manufacturing and commercialization (not including the purchase and usage of explosives and the elaboration of explosive mixtures for industrial and extractive activities); and the printing and publication of journals exclusively for the national territory. NATIONAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT REGISTRY (RNIE) The Commerce and Industrial Promotion Secretariat (SECOFI) is in charge of this registry which is under the direction of the Executive Secretary of the Foreign Investment National Commission. The RNIE is divided in three sections where persons, societies and trusteeships are to be subscribed, according to article 32 and which denominations are:First Section: Individuals and Foreign CorporationsSecond Section: SocietiesThird Sections: TrusteeshipsREQUIREMENTS TO ENTER THE RNIE A written application using the official format must be presented in original and two copies and the following documents must be annexed: Incorporation papers, contract or any other establishing documents; the statutes by means of which the corporation is governed; the legal representatives power of attorney given before a notary public and evidence of rights payment as established in the Federal Rights Law. Whenever it is needed the applicant must obtain a favorable resolution from the Commission in order to participate in a given activity, such resolution must be previously negotiated and annexed to the application. All documents presented in a language different to Spanish must come with a translation made by an expert translator. SECTORS WHERE THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IS DIRECTED TO Manufacture Industry participates with 79.0%Transportation and Communications with 3.0%Financial Services with 2.9%Construction with 0.4%Extractive Industry with 0.3%Farming with 0.1% Electricity and water with 0.1%COUNTRIES FROM WHERE THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT COMES FROM Direct Foreign investments made in Mexico come mainly from the United States, Holland, Germany, Canada, Spain, the United Kingdom and Japan. FDI has enabled Mexico to acquire new technologies, improve infra-structure, stimulate productivity, and increase competitiveness in world markets. Today, Mexico is a major producer and exporter of automobiles, TV sets and laptop computers. More and more, foreign companies are participating in Mexicos development and have become a key element in Mexicos industrial transformation. Fresh capital has contributed the remaking of its industrial base, turning the country into what Business Week has called a new industrial powerhouse.CONCLUSION

Letters stranger Review Essay Example

Letters stranger Review Paper Essay on Letters stranger I do not know why, but adult literature, fairy tales and books after Barankin, be a man!, I began to try with the works of Andre Maurois. Olimpio, or Life of Victor Hugo, Lille, or the Life of George Sand Letters stranger. Impressions was the sea, still I remember how pestered grandmother, reading aloud from a library book. Later, as an adult and methodically collecting his personal library, first I bought it Letters stranger » Andre Maurois -. Pseudonym Emile Herzog, French writer, famous for his fictionalized biography. His works are delicate, lyrical, is psychological and full of irony. They can take away a quote and study in literature classes. They can be read like a novel feature, but you can repel historical. . They have to suit every taste I will give you a quote, which, perhaps, learn a lot so often it is repeated but few people know that this is a quote from the book Letters stranger Andre Morua. Do not talk about yourself no harm. This will make your friends. Or If we knew we would have all the things that they say about all of us, no one who would not talk. Also there Letters stranger published in Paris in 1956 by the publishing house La Jeune. Park . in Russian appeared in abbreviated form in the journal Foreign literature (1974, â„â€"1). We will write a custom essay sample on Letters stranger Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Letters stranger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Letters stranger Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Andre Mauro stated that. the time spent with the woman lost can not be called The book letters stranger Morua spending time with a woman, which may not exist at all.  « you exist, and yet you do not. When a friend of mine invited me to p sat to you once a week, I mentally drew himself your image I created you beautiful and face, and mind I knew.. you do not slow down the experience alive in my dreams, and become read my messages and respond to them, and tell me all eager to hear the author.  » and any female reader think that the author refers specifically to her. and each word sounds so intimate He gives advice worthy of Laclau and Ovid. he tells stories and gently directs, is psychological and finely indicates the only way out of any situation. Of course, the time of writing, like Now, many tips and fun are no longer relevant, but Miserable people once said Abbe Munier -. For two thousand years they have not even managed to devise the eighth deadly sin . They have failed to come up with new toys also. For girls dolls and kitchen utensils, for boys war and vehicles; thats the eternal theme. Of course, the nature of war is changing. And instead of arming Indian Sioux bows and arrows are now in the windows you can see the toy bomber complete with a bomb, which is automatically reset to the town layout It can not be called progress.. But dolls to their credit do not change. After all, a woman, in the words of Allen, maintains that should be maintained, so that the man remained a man. So let it help us give peace to the world.

Music Provides Insight to the “Outsiders” Essays

Music Provides Insight to the â€Å"Outsiders† Essays Music Provides Insight to the â€Å"Outsiders† Essay Music Provides Insight to the â€Å"Outsiders† Essay Essay Topic: The Outsiders â€Å"Jane Says† is a moving depiction of a prostitute addicted to heroine written and performed by the band Jane’s Addiction.   The band was named after this woman, who was a person the lead singer Perry Farrell knew well.   He was moved enough by her situation that he did this in her honor. The song is one of the more mainstream Jane’s Addiction tracks and is played on several radio stations capturing a large American audience. Jane’s only real love is the drug that consumes her.   The lyrics state that she has never been in love and only knows when a man wants her for sex.   Her life is a vicious cycle that only other â€Å"outsiders† understand.   She prostitutes for drugs, uses the drugs and goes back out seeking money.   She keeps promising herself to no avail that she will â€Å"kick tomorrow†, as in stop using heroine.   She, also, believes that she will save her money and go to Spain. The lyrics suggest that she is sad and angry, but does not know how to get out of this bad situation. This song can be analyzed in the context that all outsiders experience these issues in different forms.   One begins dangerous behavior and alienates themselves from mainstream society.   They then begin a roller-coaster of what society labels deviant and their cycle continues and spins out of control. I believe that it is positive that this song is played on many American radio stations, so that those, who do not understand the plight of these â€Å"outsiders† can be somewhat enlightened.   The important token to be taken from this lyrical work is that even those in the most destitute situations still have dreams and feelings. In conclusion what â€Å"Jane Says† is what all outsiders say in different ways.   We should not give up on people in these situations, just because mainstream society has shunned them.   When people still have dreams of a better life, they may change.   The problem is they will never be able to fully integrate back into the mainstream with so much judgment and misunderstanding on people ignorant to these lifestyles.   This only pushes them back in the trenches.

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse

70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse 70 Words and Phrases to Identify a Horse By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary surrounds the various subjects pertaining to horses. Below is a list of contemporary and historical words and phrases referring to horses distinguished by characteristics such as color or type of use (but not by breed- hundreds of distinct breeds exist). Some entries also include other meanings for the terms. 1. bay: a reddish-brown horse 2. black: a black horse 3. bronco: a wild horse of North America’s western region 4. buckskin: a yellowish horse with a dark mane and tail; also, the skin of a deer and the leather produced from it, or, previously, to a person dressed in such leather 5. carriage horse: a horse selected, based on appearance and graceful gait, to draw a carriage 6. cart horse: a horse used to draw heavy loads 7. charger: a horse ridden in battle, tournaments, or parades; also, a large platter 8. chestnut: a grayish-brown or reddish-brown horse; also, a type of tree, the wood of the tree, or the nuts produced by the tree (and to the horse chestnut, a separate species), as well as a callus on a horse’s leg or a tired joke, expression, or song 9. chunk: a strong, stocky horse smaller than a draft horse; also, a large or thick amount or part of something 10. cob: a stocky, short-legged horse; also, an ear of corn or the core of it, a male swan, a clay-and-straw mixture for building structures, or a type of Spanish coin 11. cold blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for calmness and strength 12. colt: a young male horse; also, a young, inexperienced person or a member of a youth sports team 13. courser: an energetic, fast horse 14. cow horse: a saddle horse trained for herding cattle 15. cow pony: see â€Å"cow horse† 16. cutting horse: a saddle horse trained to separate animals from a herd 17. destrier: see charger 18. dobbin: a slow horse, or a horse used on a farm 19. draft horse: see â€Å"cart horse† (also spelled, in British English, â€Å"draught horse†) 20. dun: a grayish-yellow horse with a dark mane and tail; also, that color, or drab and dull 21. feral horse: a free-roaming horse of domesticated ancestry, often loosely referred to as a â€Å"wild horse† 22. field hunter: see hunter 23. filly: a young female horse; also, a girl or a young woman 24. foal: a horse less than a year old; the phrase â€Å"in foal† means â€Å"pregnant† 25. galloper: a fast horse 26. gelding: a castrated horse 27. grade horse: a horse of unknown breed or mixed breed 28. hack: a horse available for hire, a worn-out horse, or an easygoing saddle horse (and see hackney); also, a ride on a horse, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation or its driver, a person (especially a writer) who works primarily for financial gain, an inexperienced or inept athlete, or a computer expert or someone who accesses a computer or a computer system to steal information or cause damage (or an instance of such an act) 29. hackney: a horse for riding or driving (and, capitalized, a breed of small, high-stepping horse); also, a vehicle that can be hired for transportation 30. hot blood: any one of various breeds of horses bred for agility and speed 31. hunter: a strong horse used in fox hunting and stag hunting; also, a person who hunts wild animals or a dog trained to help in hunting, or a person who searches for something (as a treasure hunter), or a type of pocket watch 32. Iberian horse: any one of various breeds of horse once bred in Spain and Portugal 33. jade: a worn-out or temperamental horse; also, a flirtatious or disreputable girl or woman 34. jennet: previously, a small horse from Spain; also, a donkey or a stallion-donkey hybrid (also called a jenny) 35. mare: a mature female horse (or other similar animal); also, a supernatural being that was said to cause nightmares 36. mount: a saddle horse (and an instance of riding a horse, especially in a race); also, a frame or a support, or a mound or a mountain 37. mustang: a small, strong wild horse of North America’s western region; also, a commissioned officer in the military who began service as an enlisted person 38. nag: an old, worn-out horse; also, someone who annoys with repeated complaints or comments 39. Oriental horse: any one of various breeds of horse bred in the Middle East 40. pack horse: a horse used for carrying supplies 41. paint: a horse with patches of white and another color (sometimes distinguished from pinto to describe a pinto with quarter horse or Thoroughbred ancestry); also, a liquid layer applied to an object or structure, or slang for makeup or, in basketball (as â€Å"the paint†), the free throw lane 42. palfrey: a saddle horse other than one ridden in battle, or a small, easygoing horse to be ridden by a lady 43. palomino: a light cream or golden horse 44. piebald: a horse (or any other animal) spotted with white and another color, especially black; also, a spotted pattern like this 45. pinto: see paint 46. plug: see nag; also, something used to connect devices or to stop a hole or something resembling one, a piece of compressed tobacco, or a favorable mention that provides good publicity 47. polo pony: a horse used in the sport of polo 48. pony: a small, stocky horse (or in plural form, as slang, racehorses); also, a small glass for beer or liqueur, or a word-for-word translation of a text in a foreign language, especially when used to cheat on an examination 49. quarter horse: a small, strong horse good at running fast for short distances 50. racehorse: a horse bred and trained for competitive racing 51. riding pony: one of several types of horse used in competitive horseback riding 52. road horse: a horse used for pulling a carriage on a road 53. roan: a horse whose hide has white hairs mixed with a darker color; also, such a mixture, especially with a base of red 54. rouncey: an all-purpose horse ridden during the Middle Ages, as distinct from a warhorse (also spelled rouncy or rounsey) 55. saddle horse: a horse used for riding 56. show hunter: a hunter (see hunter) used in competitive horseback riding rather than for hunting 57. show pony: a type of riding pony (see â€Å"riding pony†) 58. skate: see nag; also, a shoe or an attachment for a shoe equipped with wheels (for rolling on a hard surface) or a blade (for sliding on ice), or a period of skating, or a flat fish with large fins, or slang for man 59. skewbald: a horse with patches of white and any other color than black 60. sorrel: a brownish-orange or light brown horse (or other animal); also, that color, or any one of several plants that produce a sour juice 61. sport horse: a horse used in various horseback-riding competitions (also spelled sporthorse) 62. stallion: an adult male horse (or other animal), especially one used for breeding 63. steed: a horse that is ridden, especially an energetic one 64. stock horse: a horse used in herding cattle 65. thoroughbred: a horse (or other animal) whose parents are from the same breed; technically, in capitalized form, a particular breed often bred for racing 66. trotter: a horse trained to trot in races; also, a pig’s foot used in cooking 67. warhorse: a large horse ridden in battle; also, a person with much experience (especially a politician or a soldier) or a familiar piece of visual or performing art 68. warmblood: any one of various breeds of horses bred to combine the characteristics of cold-blood and hot-blood types of horse 69. workhorse: a horse used for work other than riding, driving, or racing; also, a dependable, hardworking person or machine 70. working hunter: a type of show hunter (see â€Å"show hunter†) used in fence-jumping competition Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Design principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Design principles - Essay Example The establishment of perception of Practical systems was also a task the learning of which was an enormous milestone that we achieved in this course. I thank my instructor and friends for their guidance and for the knowledge that I gained during this course that, of course, immensely assisted me in the formulation of this final report to the project. In the end I also thank the Anglia Ruskin University for providing me with a platform for learning and implementation of the required skills. PROJECT INITIATION DOCUMENTS The purpose of the new system The reasons why the current information system was required to be prepared can be narrated as follows: The problems faced by the management and other personnel at educational institute regarding the institute’s transport facility were numerous. The basic problem lay in the fact that no computerized record of the personnel availing the institute’s transport system existed. Whenever any transport related decision was required to be made at runtime it was solely dependent on human skills. Very few records relating to the passengers were stored in different files. The entire system being manual was very difficult to maintain. Performance wise this system was very poor and would take very long time in providing the results. Anyone who wanted to have information about any transport management related issue would have to go through many files before getting the desired information. Though this system was very cheap economically but the time factor and lack in efficiency was over shadowing its advantages. This situation became the root cause of all the problems eventually resulting in the arousal of a dire need to construct an efficient system that would cater to the vehicle management related issues. This was absolutely necessary as due to the lack of such a proposed system it was absolutely impossible to make complicated management related decisions at runtime especially when new students were enrolled into th e institute and each one of them wanted to start availing the transport facility right away. For the proposed vehicle management system to function efficiently it was absolutely necessary to maintain a constantly updated database at its backend that enabled interaction of users with it via a user friendly interface. Objectives of the new system The objectives of the system were thus the making of an information system that would be linked to the student record database. It would separately store the students that would be opting for the vehicle management system that is run under the supervision of the educational institute itself. The objective it would thus achieve would be as follows: The computerized record keeping of all students/ staff availing the transport facility. The allotment of vehicle number to each student with respect to the desired pick up point and drop off point specified by him. The computerized collection of monthly fee. The assigning of specific routes to vehic les. The assigning of specific routes and vehicles to drivers. The registration and record keeping of vehicles running in the system. The record of revenue being used in maintenance of the vehicles and for fuel consumption. Stakeholders The stakeholders of the system include: Students and staff members availing the facility of transport provided by the educational i

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Business Law - Essay Example In circumstance 1 (c), private and criminal law suits are involved. They serve a purpose of guaranteeing personal freedoms. This is because carrying guns in public is meant to enable the licensed individuals to secure the freedom of ownership of their assets such as money and cars while in public places. Moreover, violation of the terms of use of their guns leads to disputes between them and their governments. Lastly, in circumstance 1 (d), private and civil laws are involved. They serve the purpose of ensuring social justice. This is because disputes arising between potential employees and their employers would be addressed by private law. Moreover, the civil law ensures that all individuals enjoy equal economic rights hence deserving equal consideration during hiring (Browne et.al, 2). In scenario 2, precedent refers to a principle that had been established in a previous legal case that is persuasive to a court judge when deciding subsequent cases with similar facts. On the other hand, stare decisis refers to the act of abiding to the decided cases (Browne et.al, 4). Precedent will help the judge in deciding whether to close the different business for similar instances of misconduct through examining the applicability of the previously established rule in the current scenario. Correlation between the current and the previous cases will influence the judge to abide by the established rule. As a businessperson, knowledge of case law relevant to my business would help me make decisions regarding a shift of my business location. In scenario 3 (a), historical school of thought would help the judge to recognize the gay partner as a surviving spouse. The school of thought considers past principles established on a particular case to be influential in deciding the current case. Therefore, since there are other States that consider gay partners as surviving spouses the judge can also decide to follow suit. On the other hand,

Virtual reality Essay Example for Free

Virtual reality Essay Abstract The contemporary world is greatly characterized with the usage of highly developed technology, tools, gadgets, and appliances. One just needs to look around him to see the truth to this statement. Be it in business, education, travel, medical, practically everything and anything, one uses technology to conduct daily living. These technologies underwent several processes and upgrades to be what they are today. Nonetheless, each technology still undergoes enhancements that would help individuals in going about their daily lives. The initial process with which technology evolved into what it is today was first conceptualized, then improved to what man utilizes today. A concrete example of this would be the television which is a common appliance in todays world. Before the television became to what it is today (digital), it was first conceptualized, designed, produced, tested, developed and enhanced. As these things were first conceptualized, hence, the term virtual reality was coined. It is, therefore, a usual question whether the initial process was real considering that it was merely a concept, a virtual reality. It is in line with the above that the primordial purpose of this paper is to scrutinize whether virtual reality is indeed real or just a figment of mans imagination. VIRTUAL REALITY 3 Virtual Reality: Is It Real? Todays technology has been conceptualized in the not so distant past and has been LABELLED AS VIRTUAL REALITY. WITH THE OBJECTIVE TO UTILIZE REALITIES AND THINGS IN ORDER TO HELP MAN IN his daily living, several researches conducted studies and experimentations in order to produce materials that will be able to make life a lot easier to the end users of the same. If one has an intensive scrutiny of the experiences any person would have today, technology is always used and is in great demand. Technology is used in business, in education, in medical, in warfare practically in anything and everything. These became realities as they were first conceptualized prior to the production of the gadgets and things that man uses today. From conceptualization, experiments were conducted to ensure that these products would eventually meet its purpose and would ultimately be of benefit to the users of the same. Safety and costs have been one of the primordial considerations. This raises the question that many would query. At the stage of conceptualization (virtual reality), would one consider these concepts as real or not? It is the objective of this paper to focus on this. At the end of this paper, the reader will be able to: 1) understand what virtual reality is; 2) see a short history of the development of virtual reality; 3) realize the usage and advantages of the end-products of virtual reality; 4) comprehend whether virtual reality is real or not. The meanings of Virtual Reality and Reality Many have always asked, What is virtual reality? What is reality? . Oxford Dictionary (online publication, 2010) defines virtual reality as almost or nearly as described, but not VIRTUAL REALITY 4 completely or according to strict definition. Late Middle English defines it as possessing certain virtues. The word virtual comes from the Latin word virtue, virtuosus. The etymology of the word reality comes from the Latin word realis which means relating to things. Oxford Dictionary defines it as â€Å"the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia defines virtual reality as computer-generated environment and within which people can interact it can immerse people in an environment that would normally be unavailable due to cost, safety, or perception restrictions. D. Petechuk stated that virtual reality combine state-of-the-art imaging with computer technology to allow users to experience a three-dimensional simulated environment. Ilkka Maunu Niiniluoto, in his article Virtual worlds, fiction and reality has referred to Michael Heim in giving meaning to the word, virtual reality. In his book Virtual realism (1998), Michael Heim states that virtual reality is a technology or an emerged field of applied science. John C. Briggs, on the other hand, in his article, The Promise of Virtual Reality, wrote, Virtual reality can be defined as a three-dimensional, computer-generated simulation in which one can navigate around, interact with, and be immersed in another environment Virtual reality provides a reality that mimics our everyday one. What would virtual reality mean to ordinary people? When one hears this word, people would usually associate it as something that has to do with computers. While others would think that it is a dream world where anything and everything is possible to happen, there are also others who would think that virtual reality is a conception concocted not only by the mind but also by the very person who has thought of the concept concerned. There would also be a group VIRTUAL REALITY 5 who would think that virtual reality is the stepping stone through which different gadgets currently used have gone through: conceptualized, tested, revised and produced. A Short History of the Evolution of Virtual Reality This section will focus on the discourse of D. Petechuk entitled, Virtual Reality. Petechuk stated that the concept of virtual reality would date back to World War II. The pilots who were then training for their combat missions needed training for the mission that they had. There was a need for flight simulators; however, the technology then was not sufficient. The trainees had only basic simulation. Through the years, technology advanced and so did virtual reality. Ivan Sutherland, according to Petechuk, conducted experiments with the first head- mounted three-dimensional displays the user was able to view a computer-generated three- dimensional cube floating in space and, by moving his or her head, inspect various aspects of the cube and determine its dimensions. This was in 1966. By 1970, Sutherland built the first full functional head-mounted display unit. There were many big industries who also ventured into the development of virtual reality. One of them was General Electric Corporation that built one of the first computerized flight simulators in 1972. In 1975, Thomas Furness III developed the prototype Visually Couple Airborne Systems Simulator whereby the pilots had an abstract view of flying conditions instead of a reality- based image pilots became totally immersed in the graphic representation. VIRTUAL REALITY 6 Mary Alice Ball, in her book review, Virtual Worlds, Real Challenges: Papers from SRIs 1991 Conference on Virtual Reality, wrote: Virtual reality is still in its infancy, and researchers are intent on developing and refining new and better tools. Mary Ball further wrote that virtual reality has the potential to take us beyond our physical limitations and guide us to new insights Virtual reality uses technology to create human-machine interfaces that permit control of multiple peripheral devices with relative ease. Through the years after this, big investments were poured into the research as to how virtual reality could produce things that would be used daily. As there are a lot of advantages and uses of the things produced through virtual reality, focus and attention were given for the development of virtual reality to what it is today. This would be discussed in depth in the following section. The Applications of Virtual Reality As stated earlier, the contemporary world is characterized with a lot of technologies that have been developed through the many years. When one looks around, it is very evident that varied products of virtual reality have been created that ultimately helps any one in conducting his daily business in live. Many of these technologies have gone through the process of being conceptualized, tested, revised, and enhanced. The many things man uses today went through a long process of evolution and are still undergoing improvements so that the maximum usage of the same would be attained. These products did not just come out of thin air. The process through which they have been developed has been long and tedious. VIRTUAL REALITY 7 Beth Stackpole in her article, Virtual Reality Gets Real, stated that the militarys use of virtual reality touches training, product development and command and control platforms. She further reiterates that virtual reality technology and simulators are actively used to train military personnel on how to pilot aircraft or handle weaponry. Patrick Mays in his article entitled, Making Virtual Reality Real, Creating VR models takes no longer than any other computer modeling: Most of the massing of a large project can be completed in only a few days. John Briggs in his article entitled, The Promise of Virtual Reality, discusses at length the varied applications of virtual reality. It must be noted, however, that this article was written in 1996. He writes that technologys present state of advancement has been overstated. Coverage in numerous magazines and newspaper articles, on TV shows, and even in TV ads suggests that virtual reality is now fully developed. Unfortunately, this is not true Virtual reality is with us now in a very early and rudimentary form. Virtual reality is greatly used in businesses today. Many companies are able to create visualizations of the stock market. Currently, this is now being conducted in many companies, most specially the big ones. A stock broker or analyst can quickly see patterns for a market sector as a whole, as well as the activity of specific stocks and can bring in-depth information to the screen and give the broker an opportunity to rapidly buy or sell a stock. Virtual reality has also played a great role in empowering people with disabilities. In his article, Briggs reported that virtual reality is used to confirm the accessibility of buildings for people with disabilities. It is also used in teaching students how to use a wheelchair and training VIRTUAL REALITY 8 people who are intellectually compromised on how to get from one point to another using different form of transportation. In the same article, Briggs has touched on how virtual reality may be used in education and training whereby the trainees walk through a virtual factory and learn about health hazards a more engaging experience than reading a manual or attending a lecture. Likewise, through virtual reality astronomy students will be able to explore galaxies and study their properties. English students will be able to be on stage where Shakespearean plays are being presented. History students will be able to go to different historical events and would have the possibility of participating in them. These are examples of what Briggs thought on how virtual reality will affect and effect the seemingly uneventful past life of man. Briggs is therefore simply reiterating the simple fact that virtual reality is the biggest factor that will be utilized by any person as virtual reality will make things a lot easier for man to conduct his daily businesses. As virtual reality is constantly evolving, it will spice up mans life, mans living and his mere existence. As different facets of life will ultimately be immensely influenced by virtual reality, it goes without saying that virtual reality will continue to develop and be made user friendly to its end users man himself. The constant enhancements will proceed so that virtual reality and the products it produces will be of much better utility for all to avail of. Conclusion Based on the above discussion, one would clearly see that virtual reality has produced numerous technologies currently used in daily living. These have given any one for that matter a choice to make life easier or not. However, these things were not produced out of thin air, so to VIRTUAL REALITY 9 speak. There have been a lot of processes that were implemented to have the technologies that we have today. Based on what is existing, these technologies were conceptualized, altered, refined, improved, and enhanced. The fact remains that they have all been based on existing realities. Concretely speaking, before man landed on the moon in 1969, there were a lot of processes that occurred. The astronauts did not just land there per se. There were a lot of trainings conducted and one of them was the effect of weightlessness for a long period of time. Creating this atmosphere was first conceptualized and the atmosphere to produce the same scenario as it would appear on the moon itself was created. The garment they wore, the numerous pieces of equipment they used were first conceptualized, produced, tested, and refined to ensure the safety of the astronauts and to lessen the effects of many factors. These all started with virtual reality. Likewise, another example one may look at is the robots used in highly advanced countries where the robot detonates or make safe explosives that may cause harm or danger. This was also conceptualized at the beginning, produced, tested and refined to ensure its effectivity in pursuing the purpose for which it was built. What is being simply emphasized is the fact that virtual reality is based on what exists and it is not a figment of ones imagination. As such, it is real. The basis of virtual reality is reality itself. In Argumentative Logic, the argumentation would be: Virtual Reality is based on reality. Reality is what exists; what is reality. Therefore, Virtual Reality is reality; it is real. VIRTUAL REALITY 10 References: Ball, M. A. (1993, June). Virtual Worlds, Real Challenges: Papers from SRIs 1991 Conference on Virtual Reality. Information Technology and Libraries, 12(2), 291. Briggs, J. C. (1996, September). The Promise of Virtual Reality. The Futurist, 30(5), 13. Mays, P. (1998, October). Making virtual reality real. Architecture, 87(10), 162. Niiniluoto, I. M. (2012). Virtual worlds, fiction, and reality/Mundos virtuales, ficcion y realidad. Discusiones Filosoficas, 13(21), 13. Petechuk, D. (2004). Virtual Reality. In K. L. Lerner B. W. Lerner (Eds. ), The Gale Encyclopedia of Science (3rd ed. , Vol. 6, pp. 4225-4229). Detroit: Gale. Virtual Reality Gets Real. (2008, January 7). Design News, 63(1), 85. Virtual Reality. (2013). In The Columbia Electronic Encyclopediaâ„ ¢. New York: Columbia University Press.

Trouble in Danto’s Artworld :: Danto Art Essays

Trouble in Danto’s Artworld Danto’s theory of artistic identification accepts a problematic class of artwork as art: art made entirely of space. Consider the avant-garde artist who claims an unoccupied space in the Museum of Modern Art and calls it â€Å"Missing Van Gogh;† it can be shown by Danto’s â€Å"is† of artistic identification that her work is art. It not only fulfills Danto’s requirements, but also, it distinguishes itself as revolutionary by expanding the style matrix, and as clever, by belonging to the once-problematic category of artwork called ‘indiscernibles.’ However, it can be shown that â€Å"Missing Van Gogh’s† lack of spatial and temporal boundaries adds infinite predicates to the style matrix and thus reveals a flaw in Danto’s theory. Danto’s theory of artistic identification requires only that the sentence â€Å"x is P,† where x is a given work and P a predicate functioning as an interpretation of that work, apply to a member of what he calls the ‘Artworld.’ He calls the word ‘is’ between x and the P in the sentence the ‘â€Å"is† of artistic interpretation,’ and any work indicated by this ‘is’ is art. For instance, we may say â€Å"the Eroica Symphony is profound.† By Danto’s definition, the fact that this artistic interpretation of the work is possible is sufficient to show that it is a work of art. Danto also posits a style matrix consisting of all the variant combinations of art-relevant predicates in today’s Artworld. This matrix serves as a context in which all artworks can be discussed, and is open to the addition of predicates as artists make innovative breakthroughs. The revolutionary beauty of Danto’s theory lies in its openness and simplicity; it is able to embrace new artistic developments because it refuses to identify specific properties as indicative of artwork status. It is more accepting than theories which name properties, such as the family resemblance theory, which rejects the first of every new class of artwork, or even Gaut’s cluster theory, which demands some consistency.[1] Yet, this radical openness of Danto’s theory demands scrutiny; if there is an artwork which Danto’s theory accepts on account of its openness, but which it ought not to, then Danto’s theory is flawed.

Blood Alcohol Level (Bal) Essay

The amount of alcohol in your blood stream is referred to as Blood Alcohol Level (BAL). It is recorded in milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood, or milligrams percent. For example, a BAL of . 10 means that 1/10 of 1 percent (or 1/1000) of your total blood content is alcohol. When you drink alcohol it goes directly from the stomach into the blood stream. This is why you typically feel the effects of alcohol quite quickly, especially if you haven’t eaten for a while. BAL depends on: 1. Amount of blood (which will increase with weight) and 2. The amount of alcohol you consume over time (the faster you drink, the higher your BAL, as the liver can only handle about a drink per hour–the rest builds up in your blood stream). Understanding the effects of a rising BAL can be very useful in controlling drinking. Below are the consequences of various Blood Alcohol Levels,from a book by William R. Miller and Ricardo F. Munoz called, â€Å"How to Control your Drinkling: A Practical Guide to Responsible Drinking (1982): .02 MELLOW FEELING. SLIGHT BODY WARMTH. LESS INHIBITED. .05 NOTICEABLE RELAXATION. LESS ALERT. LESS SELF-FOCUSED. COORDINATION IMPAIRMENT BEGINS. .08 DRUNK DRIVING LIMIT. DEFINITE IMPAIRMENT IN COORDINATION AND JUDGMENT. .10 NOISY. POSSIBLE EMBARRASSING BEHAVIOR. MOOD SWINGS. REDUCTION IN REACTION TIME. .15 IMPAIRED BALANCE AND MOVEMENT. CLEARLY DRUNK. .30 MANY PASS OUT. .40 MOST PASS OUT; SOME DIE. .50 BREATHING STOPS. MANY DIE. As can be seen, the most reliably pleasurable effects of alcohol occur when BAL rises to about . 03-. 05. Alcohol researchers have discovered that low levels of alcohol have a specific effect on thinking; alcohol results in a reduction of â€Å"self-monitoring. † (Hull & Reilly, 1986). What this means is that small quantities of alcohol enable you to take your mind off yourself and your worries. Not surprisingly, this effect reduces tension and enhances relaxation in many people. Some people find this effect so rewarding that they continue to drink. Unfortunately, these relaxing effects diminish as BAL rises above . 05. Instead emerge a host of negative effects, such as less emotional control, coordination and judgment impairment, hangovers and obnoxious behavior. One way of controlling alcohol is to learn to gauge BAL by internal sensations and to attend to the reinforcing signs of a low BAL. Doing so will enable you to be more in control of how much you drink and, by focusing your attention on the initial pleasurable effects, be able to enjoy alcohol with less negative consequences. Blood Alcohol Level Charts are available in a number of resources. For example, â€Å"How to Control your Drinking: A Practical Guide to Responsible Drinking† (Miller & Munoz, 1982) Contains tables which list BAL values by gender, weight, number of drinks consumed and number of hours drinking. THE FINAL CALL BREATHALYZER is a very useful tool in monitoring BAL. The one-time use breathalyzers are small glass tubes which contain yellow crystals that have been impregnated with a reactive chemical that turns green when alcohol is present. One must breath into the balloon provided and then let it deflate into the tube. The BAL reading appears in about a minute. Final Call assesses BAL with a margin of error of plus or minus . 02. The Final Call Breathalyzer is useful because your BAL can be quickly assessed so that you get immediate feedback.

Sexuality Demonstrate

Demonstrate an understanding of selected theories and models in relation to social work fields of practice. Task: * A group presentation by a group of up to 5 sstudents on one model or perspective, that demonstrates knowledge of its major assumptions, strengths and weaknesses. Each group is to demonstrate how they would apply this understanding in a specific field of practice. * The perspective or model will be assigned to the groups on the first day of the class. Guidelines: * You are to work in groups of up to 5 on the perspective or model given to you on the first day of class. You are to describe the major features of the perspective or model with its major assumptions, strengths and weaknesses. You are to show how this perspective or model can be used within a social work field of practice.The group should be able to demonstrate why this perspective or model is appropriate for the selected field of practice. * Your findings are to be reported back to the class in a 30 minute gr oup presentation. Your will be required to hand to the tutor after the presentation all supporting details. This will include relevant PowerPoint, OHP, handouts and a list of references/ bibliography. * You are expected to use a vvariety of adult learning methods in your presentation. The methods can include role-play, use of transparencies or PowerPoint, board, flip charts etc.Participants:| 1| Due Date:| 19th November 2013| Time Limit:| 2 hours| Nga huanga / Learning Outcome: * Explain the processes and methods of working with individuals, families, whanau, groups, and communities underpinned by a range of theories/models. Task: * A closed book in-class test based on lecture material, class discussions and readings. Guidelines: * The test will be conducted under normal test conditions. * The test will be a closed book test. * There will be 10 minutes reading time. * The test will be up to two hours long. * The questions may include multi-choice or essay type questions or a combina tion of these.

life in becoming a pediatric nurse

life in becoming a pediatric nurse Language Arts 24 June 2011Life in Becoming a Pediatric NurseChildren are the future and keeping them healthy is a very important step as they become adults later in life. The Pediatric Nurse plays a special role in the lives of infants, and adolescents. These specialized nurses usually complete advanced training in pediatrics and work together closely with physicians and other health care providers who share their dedication to children's health.Pediatric Nurses devote their knowledge and skills to caring for children of all ages. They provide a great amount of help to the doctors they come across every day, assisting them in procedures, testing, and diagnosing the patients. Like other nurses, pediatric nurses can perform physical examinations, measure vital statistics, take blood, urine samples and order diagnostic tests. With advanced training these nurses can understand test results and are able to form diagnoses as well as developing treatment plans.Nurse PractitionerA pediatric nurse knows how to talk to children and are able to chase away all their fears. "Children are often afraid to go to the doctor, so the pediatric nurse must be able to dispel that fear and quickly earn the child's trust."(California Career Zone pg.2) They also help families cope with illnesses and educate them on how to protect their child's health. Pediatric nurses work in doctor's offices, clinics, hospitals, surgical centers and other health care settings. They work a 9-to-5 shift and if required they must work nights and weekends. Pediatric nurses earn $48,000 to $68,000 a year and experienced pediatric nurses earn $100,000 a year or more. The job outlook is excellent and is increasing every year.Education, dedication, and commitment is very important to becoming a pediatric nurse. Pediatric Nurses must first get certification as a registered nurse. After graduating from a four...

Quotes From Pioneer Physician Elizabeth Blackwell

Quotes From Pioneer Physician Elizabeth Blackwell Elizabeth Blackwell, born in Britain, was the first woman in the United States to earn a medical degree. With her sister Emily Blackwell, she founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children and trained nurses in the American Civil War. Selected Elizabeth Blackwell Quotations For what is done or learned by one class of women becomes, by virtue of their common womanhood, the property of all women.If society will not admit of womans free development, then society must be remodeled.I must have something to engross my thoughts, some object in life which will fill this vacuum, and prevent this sad wearing away of the heart.It is not easy to be a pioneer - but oh, it is fascinating! I would not trade one moment, even the worst moment, for all the riches in the world.A blank wall of social and professional antagonism faces the woman physician that forms a situation of singular and painful loneliness, leaving her without support, respect or professional counsel.The idea of winning a doctors degree gradually assumed the aspect of a great moral struggle, and the moral fight possessed immense attraction for me.Our school education ignores, in a thousand ways, the rules of healthy development.Medicine is so broad a field, so closely interwoven with general interests , dealing as it does with all ages, sexes and classes, and yet of so personal a character in its individual appreciations, that it must be regarded as one of those great departments of work in which the cooperation of men and women is needed to fulfill all its requirements. [about a first anatomical study of the human wrist]  The beauty of the tendons and exquisite arrangements of this part of the body struck my artistic sense, and appealed to the sentiment of reverence with which this anatomical branch of study was ever afterwards invested in my mind.[quoting a professor who turned down her application to another medical school, then her comment on the quote]  You cannot expect us to furnish you with a stick to break our heads with; so revolutionary seemed the attempt of a woman to leave a subordinate position and seek to obtain a complete medical education.The admission of a woman for the first time to a complete medical education and full equality in the privileges and the responsibilities of the profession produced a widespread effect in America. The public press very generally recorded the event,  and expressed a favourable opinion of it.The clear perception of the providential call to women to take their full share in human progress has alwa ys led us to insist upon a full and identical medical education for our students. From the beginning in America, and later on in England, we have always refused to be tempted by specious offers urged upon us to be satisfied with partial or specialised instruction. Thanks be to Heaven, I am on land once more, and never do I wish again to experience that hideous nightmare - a voyage across the ocean.If I were rich I would not begin private practice, but would only experiment; as, however, I am poor, I have no choice.The longer I saw Lady Byron the more she interested me; her insight and judgment are admirable, and I never met a woman whose scientific tendencies seemed so strong.I have at last found a student in whom I can take a great deal of interest Marie Zackrzewska, a German, about twenty-six.The practice of the infirmary, both medical and surgical, was conducted entirely by women; but a board of consulting physicians, men of high standing in the profession, gave it the sanction of their names.[M]y hope rises when I find that the inner heart of a human being may remain pure, notwithstanding some corruption of the outer coverings. About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

The Differences between First Degress Murder, Second Degree Murder, Research Proposal

The Differences between First Degress Murder, Second Degree Murder, Third Degree Murder, Voluntary Manslaughter, and Involuntary - Research Proposal Example This paper examines the differences between the aforementioned categories of murder and manslaughter in addition to justifiable homicide. In United States, different states have various definitions for murder and manslaughter crimes. First-degree murder is considered as unlawful killing of a person by another with malice and premeditation (Milgate 199). To convict an offender for this crime, the court of law must prove that the perpetrator had planned or contemplated about committing the crime, had evil intent and conducted the crime with severe malice (Milgate 204). Under Illinois law, a person is guilty of committing first-degree murder if in undertaking the action fulfils one or all of the three conditions. The first condition is the intention to kill, cause severe bodily harm, or be ware that the action has the potential of causing death to a person or a group of people (The Legal Defenders). The second condition is that the person undertaking the action is knowledgeable that the act causes death or has the capacity to cause grievous bodily injury to the targeted individual. Finally, the third condition under Illinois law when a person is culpable of first degree murder is when he or she commits or attempt to commit a violent crime besides the second degree murder(The Legal Defenders). Under the Illinois law, a person is culpable for second degree murder if the action fulfils the definitions of first degree murder accompanied by one or both of the following conditions. First, the accused person should be acting out of intense emotions that originate from being provoked by another person leading to accidental death of the aggressor (The Legal Defenders). The second condition that a person could be liable for committing second degree murder under the Illinois law is unjustifiable use of force under the guise of self-defense (The Legal Defenders). According to Ressler et al (203), a person is justified to use force on another where there is sufficient reason to believe that the conduct of aggressor is likely to cause grievous bodily damage to him or another person. In situation where there is no sufficient reason to prove the existence of a serious threat presented by the killed person, the person who killed can be held liable for second degree murder. In most situat ions, second degree murders arise from spontaneous actions such as fights. The legal penalty for the crime is less severe than first degree murder (David, et al 305).

Political Parties and Elections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political Parties and Elections - Essay Example In other circumstances, parties might choose to form coalitions with disparate interests. It has to be acknowledged that parties in the United States are very powerful for they determine the fate of all citizens1. Ambition in Political Parties Politicians are very ambitious people. Although some choose to stay in their current offices for several terms, others aspire to go to higher offices. In addition, some politicians want to be politics for short periods. This implies that it depends with the politician to know his or her ambitions. Career ambition decides the behavior to be exhibited by the politician. His/her hopes and expectations for the future are the main driving force that helps the politician in making decisions. Majority of political leaders possess progressive ambitions and as a result, they aspire for higher offices. Politicians make policies that satisfy the needs of their constituents at the given time and in future, in order to ensure success. It has to be noted tha t one cannot achieve higher office if s/he lacks ambition2. Although majority of Americans believe that the president is a powerful person who makes all the decisions for the country from white house, Richard Neustadt in his book Presidential Power and the Modern Presidents, believes otherwise. The president’s power is guaranteed in the constitution, the prestige of Washington, abroad, and the country at large. However, article II of the constitution, which defines the powers of the president, does not guarantee that everything that he (presidents) commands he achieves. This means that the president must always ensure that the people around him are persuaded and thus willing to do what he believes is good for the country. The fact that United States of America is a democratic country means that there is separation of powers so the president is not the sole decision maker in the country. The ability and the power to pursued help in ensuring that the policies implemented by the president are able to pass and become law. This can be attributed to the fact that the president in the US does not change legislation alone for it needs approval by the respective houses. If the president is unable to persuade legislators to pass his policies then chances are high that most of these policies will not go through. This is the reason why Neustadt (1990) notes, presidency is not a place for amateurs. Presidents should act in a prospective manner in order to make sure that the decisions he makes today will help him persuade tomorrow3. Power of Politics Obama exercises the power to persuade because he understands that his policies cannot pass without the support other legislators.4On the other hand, Schlesinger acknowledges that the US presidency is becoming too powerful, such that people are not concerned on checking it. He attributes this to the powers that the presidency exercises because of domestic policy, foreign policy, and the affairs that go on in secrecy. Sinc e the president is the commander in chief of the armed forces, he has the authority to defend the United States but the power of declaring war is vested on the congress. This means that the president can make decisions that will cause death or injury to other people who are deemed as a threat to the country5. In his time at the office, Obama has ordered the killing of Somali pirates who had hijacked a ship with American crew. In addition, he ordered

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU Essay

Who has been more successful at harmonising financial reporting the EU or the IASB Give reasons for your judgement - Essay Example Why? Because if an investor is interested in trading and putting his money which cumulatively accumulates as the region’s capital cannot invest in the member state which has different accounting standards as compared to his state, thus forcing him to invest in his state as he is not able to compare the financials of the other state leading to a non optimal distribution of capital. So for smooth and optimal distribution of capital across the European Union, it decided to go for an all out conversion of accounting standards, making the region more investor friendly and helping its political cause as well (Susanne & Christina, 2003). Even though standardisation of accounts was a welcome change for investors and industry as a whole, the reason behind the selection of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) promulgated by IASB was questioned. It could be answered in two steps, one which was politically motivated and other which was more accounting standard oriented. In 1990s there were an increased mergers and acquisitions involving European companies within European Union and out of it, which increased the pressure of having a unified and standardised form of reporting system. Globalisation of capital market and international fund movement was mounting throughout the 90s. EU securities exchange allowed companies to list themselves if they were reported according to GAAP or IAS, the only possible way to remain in the global securities market which was constantly dominated by the United States. The European Union governments feared that this way US GAAP would become the international standard for financial reporting. Therefore, a need for a competing set of standard for reporting financials was deeply felt to counter the US dominance and their dictatorship over the rules of accounts to be followed worldwide. Thus, the option boiled down to two accounting standards: â€Å"European† standard or IASB accounting standard. Historical unsuccess ful combination

Critically Analyse The Social Penetration Theory Psychology Essay

Critically Analyse The Social Penetration Theory Psychology Essay Social penetration theory was first proposed by Altman and Taylor in 1973. There after it was further developed by Altman. This theory is a general approach to interpersonal attraction that looks at the development of an interpersonal relationship from acquaintanceship to close friendship as a gradual and systematic process. It also looks at how friendship moves from peripheral and superficial levels of exchange to intimate friends (Green 219). The growth of relationship is influenced by three main factors namely; situational factors, personality and cost. Therefore, when future and actual outcomes are favorable, penetration develops to more intimate areas. Social penetration theory describes the growth of personal relationships as rooted in the self disclosure. The theory explains that the increase in intimacy in relationship is as a result of individuals sharing increasingly information about themselves with each other. When people meet for the first time, they tend to share information which is general and impersonal thus limiting the range of the topics they discuss. As these people learn about each other and time passes the depth of their disclosure increases thus revealing personal information. The breadth of disclosure increases and the individuals are able to discuss a range of topics. The authors of this theory suggest that the growth of a relationship continues if the regards that each partner gets are greater that the costs they believe they incur. Social penetration theory depends mostly on the positive association between disclosure and the degree to which partners are emotionally committed in their relationship. Thus partners who freely disclose more information to each other have greater relational satisfaction and stability. More so, there is a linear relationship between intimacy and disclosure. For example partners experience dialectical tensions between being open and closed on what they discuss with each other. The social penetration theory holds one important assumption that mutual profit from the partners interaction acts as a vehicle to the level of exchange and grows over time in a given relationship (Nicotera 103). The theory is mostly concerned with information exchange though it also makes use of expression of positive and negative effect in mutual activities as other forms of exchange. Situational influence, personality and rewards are factors which help in promoting social penetration process which is retarding. Also, the intensity and extent of self disclosure act as operation measure of social penetration. Self disclosure measure is used in measuring personality traits that affect disclosure thus providing intimate information about a person. Situational factors are mostly concerned with the ability to enter or get out of a relationship freely. It is also concerned with the level of such relationship to another person (Altman and Arnold 345). Relationships are perceived to develop symmetrically. Interpersonal exchanges develop from superficial to non-intimate area to deeper degrees of selves of the interacting people. In this case, individual therefore evaluate the balance of rewards and costs of the past and present exchanges. This evaluation is used as a basis of forecasting the cost and reward implication for future exchanges which may be made. Social penetration theory is different from other exchange theories because it brings forward the issue of the self and also gives special attention to the issue of self disclosure. Social penetration is achieved through disclosure which shows the real self in providing the proper context for the facilitation of disclosure (Nicotera 103. Research using the theory Longitudinal studies have been carried out in attempt to investigate the functions of the social penetration theory. The study revealed that there was a pattern of reciprocal exchange over time as well as an equity norm which is related to the intimacy level of the disclosure. The study also revealed that short patterns were part of the larger fluctuations. Considerable evidence indicates that through out young adulthood and adolescence, self disclosure is an important factor in of formation of friend ship and its maintenance. This is because self disclosure increases both in depth and breadth as relationships develops. Therefore, the growing intimate formation shows the mechanism through which formation of relationship is done as well as a reflection of the level of closeness. Several studies using strangers show that individuals who engage in intimate disclosure are more liked than those individuals who restrict disclosure to topics which are not intimate. Consistent with social penetration theory, this explains that people are getting attracted to other people who are free to disclose their personal information. This is because such disclosure signs cause the desire for closeness. However in the early stages of a relationship, disclosures of intimate information can act as a hindrance to the development of a relationship (Green 219). Cases of disliking have been witnessed where a stranger disclose his intimate information. There is some indication that within a single conversation, personal information revealed later in the relationship is received better than a persons information revealed earlier. Meill and Duck conducted a study which shows that the studies on strangers generalize friendship formation in the real world. These researchers asked some college students how they would collect information about a probable friend, how they would decide to pursue the relationship and modulate the rate of development. Students gave a report that friendship formation process operate in interactions with probable friends until a decision is made on whether to continue with the relationship or not. Many studies on friendship formation support many of the propositions of by Altman and Taylor. For example, the research on the college students was consistent with the social penetration theory (Littlejohn 121). College student roommates who developed the closest friendships reported to have exchanged more information and more intimate information across all categories. Self disclosure is a process through which friendship is initiated and also it is through it that people try to maintain their relationship. Studies have shown that young adults deliberately use intimate disclosure as a way of sustaining their relationship. A research by Rosenfeld and Kendrick supports the social penetration theory. The research indicates that the most common reasons that young adults had for disclosing their personal information to friends were friendship enhancement and maintenance. The study shows that friends can be differentiated from non-friends in terms of both the quality and quantity of their disclosure (Husain 78). Very close friends not only disclose more of their personal information than strangers, but they also disclose more intimate information. The research also indicates that best friends are more likely to receive highly personal disclosures than none intimate friends. There is more superficial and casual disclosure among friends than intimate discl osure. Young adults exchange the most personal information but on the other hand friends only exchange moderate personal information. Critique of social penetration theory Altman and Taylor came up with social penetration theory in an attempt to explain peoples relationships. The degree of self disclosure has a major task in the grown of relationship. Their theory is very direct and simple thus making it possible for one to understand. In addition, in this theory the authors have used many aspects which can relate to the real world. The social penetration theory outlines what people go through when forming a relationship. This is clearly shown by the authors when they said that people will continue or discontinue with a relationship depending on the costs and rewards involved. In this theory it is very easy to predict what will happen in future. This is because if the costs involved in information exchange are more that the rewards received, then the individuals or partners will end the relationship (Littlejohn 121). On the other hand, if the rewards involved in information exchange are more than the cost involved, then the partners will continue with the relationship. In addition this theory is very easy to understand. This is because it only has four hypothesis and three variables involved. Altman and Taylor based their theory of social penetration theory on cost and reward. This indicates that people first evaluate a relationship on the basis of the rewards and costs involved and then decide whether to continue or not (Husain 78). This is not true because one should not be in relationship just because of the benefits expected. Relationship should therefore be evaluated on many other factors but not only on gains and costs. The authors try to suggest that people will always form a relationship if they are guaranteed that there are some benefits to be earned from it. Most people are selfless and will form a relationship regardless of whether there are costs to be incurred or benefits to be earned from it. Altman and Taylor associate people who are engaged to a communication process to onions. The authors state that when people meet for the first time, they hide their information just like the onion layers (Green 219). As people continue to meet, they share their personal information and thus shed off the layers making it easy to understand one another. The layers of self disclosure have different levels of depth and breadth and this can be reached through the topics shared and the nature of information in these topics. Social penetration theory shows the status of a person is changed from public to private. Therefore, a person at some time may disclose more personal information than other times. A person may still not share any personal information with a private person if the person is not pleasing at all. This therefore indicates that according to the social penetration theory, it is not guaranteed that a relationship will develop positively from time to time (Altman and Arnold 345). The social penetration theory gives a possibility of differentiation between the different types and forms of the relationships by providing the notions of personality breadth and personality depth. The theory also gives a description of the different phases involved in a relationship. The relationships development is explained by the dimensions of the social penetration process (Littlejohn 121). A social relationship develops through interactions that let the relationship entities discover new elements of the counterparts personality. The personality element that get shared among the relationship parties are structured into two dimensions. These dimensions include personality breadth and personality depth. The breadth of personality has two further dimensions which include the categories and the frequencies of interactions. The frequency states the number of interactions within such a category. On the other hand, the depth of the personality represents a layering element within the entitys personality. The outer layers of the personality have more elements. According to the social penetration theory, the inner layers are more personal and fewer where the central characteristics of ones personality are found. The disclosure of elements of higher personality depth gets more difficult with further advancements as these inner elements are better protected and a disclosure can be associated with risk.

Greenpeace :: essays research papers

Greenpeace is an independent organization campaigning to ensure a just, peaceful, sustainable environment for future generations. It began in Canada in 1971 and today has a presence in more than 40 countries with 2.4 million supporters worldwide. Greenpeace Australia was founded in 1977 and today we have more than 75,000 supporters. Prevent dangerous climate change by phasing out fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and replacing them with clean renewable energy such as solar. Use the 2000 Olympic Games to showcase and implement solutions to global environmental problems, including alternatives to toxic materials and renewable energy. Protect oceans from overfishing and establish a global whale sanctuary. Protect the world's remaining old growth forests. Eliminate sources of dioxin and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including PVC, and ensure legislation to prevent toxic waste dumping. Protect future generations from the effects of nuclear contamination by ending the nuclear fuel cycle, stopping radioactive discharges and plutonium shipments. Protect biodiversity by opposing the privatisation and manipulation of the plant and animal gene pool. Cyberactivists Many Greenpeace supporters use the Internet to work with Greenpeace. Their website is an interactive source of information and action - by sending letters, faxes, emails - to support their campaigns Frontliner’s Everyday more than 100 Greenpeace Frontline campaigners are on the streets of Australia talking to the public about their work and raising funds to enable it to continue. Frontline develops important relationships with Greenpeace by recruiting long term supporters. Local Groups Greenpeace is establishing Local Group networks in all state capitals to support their key campaigns through the coordination of local events, and by applying public pressure through campaign activities such as letter writing. Local volunteers are an important resource for research and public education. Volunteers Greenpeace rely on volunteers to support their daily work. They provide a vital role and are active in all areas of campaigning. Staff Currently Greenpeace employs 60 staff in Sydney, Canberra and the Pacific. Permanent positions are publicly advertised History / Achievements  · 1971 After first Greenpeace action the US abandons its nuclear testing grounds at Amchitka, Alaska.  · 1975 France ends atmospheric nuclear tests in the Pacific after Greenpeace protests.  · 1979 Last Australian whaling station closed.  · 1982 Global whaling moratorium adopted by the International Whaling Commission.  · 1988 Following Greenpeace actions in the early 80s, a worldwide ban on incinerating waste at sea is agreed.  · 1989 United Nations moratorium on high seas large-scale driftnets is passed. Greenpeace :: essays research papers Greenpeace is an independent organization campaigning to ensure a just, peaceful, sustainable environment for future generations. It began in Canada in 1971 and today has a presence in more than 40 countries with 2.4 million supporters worldwide. Greenpeace Australia was founded in 1977 and today we have more than 75,000 supporters. Prevent dangerous climate change by phasing out fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and replacing them with clean renewable energy such as solar. Use the 2000 Olympic Games to showcase and implement solutions to global environmental problems, including alternatives to toxic materials and renewable energy. Protect oceans from overfishing and establish a global whale sanctuary. Protect the world's remaining old growth forests. Eliminate sources of dioxin and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including PVC, and ensure legislation to prevent toxic waste dumping. Protect future generations from the effects of nuclear contamination by ending the nuclear fuel cycle, stopping radioactive discharges and plutonium shipments. Protect biodiversity by opposing the privatisation and manipulation of the plant and animal gene pool. Cyberactivists Many Greenpeace supporters use the Internet to work with Greenpeace. Their website is an interactive source of information and action - by sending letters, faxes, emails - to support their campaigns Frontliner’s Everyday more than 100 Greenpeace Frontline campaigners are on the streets of Australia talking to the public about their work and raising funds to enable it to continue. Frontline develops important relationships with Greenpeace by recruiting long term supporters. Local Groups Greenpeace is establishing Local Group networks in all state capitals to support their key campaigns through the coordination of local events, and by applying public pressure through campaign activities such as letter writing. Local volunteers are an important resource for research and public education. Volunteers Greenpeace rely on volunteers to support their daily work. They provide a vital role and are active in all areas of campaigning. Staff Currently Greenpeace employs 60 staff in Sydney, Canberra and the Pacific. Permanent positions are publicly advertised History / Achievements  · 1971 After first Greenpeace action the US abandons its nuclear testing grounds at Amchitka, Alaska.  · 1975 France ends atmospheric nuclear tests in the Pacific after Greenpeace protests.  · 1979 Last Australian whaling station closed.  · 1982 Global whaling moratorium adopted by the International Whaling Commission.  · 1988 Following Greenpeace actions in the early 80s, a worldwide ban on incinerating waste at sea is agreed.  · 1989 United Nations moratorium on high seas large-scale driftnets is passed.